How Is Mughal And Maratha Period Different?
In 1857, Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor, was exiled to Yangon after an unsucc
essful coup attempt. Shortly thereafter, the Mughal kingdom disintegrated, paving the way for the Maratha Empire to become the dominant power. India. .During the reign of Muhammad Shah, the empire began to disintegrate and vast areas of central India moved from Mughals to Marathi. By the mid-18th century, the Marathas had defeated the Mughal army and conquered several Mughal provinces from Punjab to Bengal,[23] due to the weak administrative and economic system of the Mughal Empire, internal Dissatisfaction, which led to the Nawabs of Bengal, the Oders, the Nizams of Hyderabad, the King of Afghanistan and other small states proclaimed the disintegration of the empire and the independence of their former provinces.
With the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, the Maratha army moved towards Delhi itself, forcing the Mughal clan to confine itself to Delhi within a decade. Under pressure from the Marathas, the Mughals released Shivaji's grandson Shahu from captivity. Meanwhile, the Mughals were reduced to mere puppets under the protection of the Maratha Chhatrapati.
The Maratha empire was then ruled by various rulers, such as Sambhaji's half-brother Rajaram, Rajaram's widow Tarabaya, and then Sambhaji's son Shahu. During the reign of Shahu Balaji Vishwanath was appointed Prime Minister (Peshwa) of the Maratha Empire in 1713.
After the death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, the empire expanded significantly under the rule of the Peshwas. The empire came into existence in 1674 with the coronation of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and ended in 1818 with the defeat of Peshwa Bajirao II at the hands of the British East India Company. Indian power reached its pre-British peak under the Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederation, an Indian imperial power that existed from 1674 to 1818.
 |
| Mughal |
As such, the Maratha Empire is largely considered to have ended Mughal rule in India, and is often considered a true Force of India as it dominated the Indian subcontinent in the 17th and 18th centuries. The Maratha Empire ended the chaos of the expansion of the Mughal Empire in southern India and the emergence of the post-Deccan plateau. The origins of the Maratha Empire can be traced back to a series of rebellions against the Bijapur Sultanate government and later the Mughal Empire led by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. The Maratha Empire (also spelled Mahratta), also known as the Maratha Federation, was established in India in 1674 by Shivaji's demarcation of the independent Maratha territory around Pune from the Sultanate of Bijapur.
Shivaji. Besides founding the empire, Shivaji was also responsible for transforming the Maratha rule into an outstanding force. Over the years, Shivaji and his gang of Marathas, of whom it can be said with some fairness that they gave birth to the idea of guerrilla warfare in India, plundered the countryside, and Shivaji acquired a formidable reputation as a warrior. Shivaji, although his father was exiled from Pune, grew up in a city that became not only the capital of Maratha power, but, so to speak, the center of real and imagined Hindu martial traditions. One of his sons, Shivaji Bhonsle, became the most powerful clan figure in the west, while Shivaji's half-brother Vyamkoji managed to gain control of the Kaveri (Kaveri) delta and the Tanjavur kingdom in 1670.
 |
| Mughal |
In 1674, he was crowned Chhatrapati (ruler) of the new Maratha kingdom after successfully defending it from Mughal raids. He remained in the great fortress of Jinji (the former seat of the Nayaka dynasty, subject to Vijayanagar) for eight years in 1690, under siege by the Mughal troops, and for a time it may have seemed that the power of the Marathas had declined. The struggle against the Mughals ended with the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, marking a turning point in Maratha history.
The Mughal Empire reached the peak of its territorial expansion during Aurangzeb's rule and began its final decline during his reign due to the military revival of the Marathas under Shivaji Boseal. Shortly after his death, Mughal Emperor (Badsha) Aurangzeb decided to personally lead his army against the Marathi to restore influence over the Deccan, which led to the Deccan Wars. This is the strategy of Marathi commanders against the greater Mughal forces. The Maratha cavalry contributed to the success of the empire, breaking quickly and deeply into Greater Mughal territory and leaving with their booty before the Mughal army took them.
However, their influence was central to Mughal history and the end of the Mughal-Maratha wars. The commitment of the Marathas to establish a traditional Hindu state in the subcontinent is confirmed by the enormous effort they made to crown Shivaji and formally establish the Maratha Empire in 1674. The Marathas were also determined to expel the Mughal rulers from India because they wanted their country to be ruled by Hindus.
Between the deaths of Shivaji and Aurangzeb (from 1680 to 1707), the Mughals and Marathas were constantly in conflict over territory, which each coveted in the name of their religion. Both had large armies of men who continued to establish and re-establish dominance in the area in the 30 Years' War. The battle held back the expansion of the Marathas, prevented the capture of Delhi, and contributed to the fragmentation of the empire. Despite the huge numerical superiority of the Mughal army, the treasures of the empire, and the support of allies such as the Siddha, Portuguese, Golconda and Bijapura sultanates, the war ended in 1707 with the victory of the Marathas.
His widow, Tarabai, heroically led the Maratha forces against the Mughals, fighting them successfully until they crossed the Narmada River and took Malwa in 1705. In 1802, the British invaded Baroda to support the heir to the throne against rival suitors. and signed a treaty with the new Maharaja to recognize his independence from the Maratha Empire in exchange for his recognition of British sovereignty. Supporting a rival claimant to the Maratha throne, the British demanded large concessions from the new ruler after his victory, further weakening the Maratha empire. From that moment on, the already weakened Mughal Empire began to fear the Marathas.
The new Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I released from prison Shahuji, the grandson of Shivaji, who bravely ascended the throne of the Marathas (Kay 2000, p. 363).
Soon after, the Marathas also experienced a war of succession as Shivajias' aunt challenged him on her son's behalf. After Aurangzeb, Mughal power never regained its status as a major power in India and the balance of power shifted towards the Marathas. By the middle of the 18th century, it was the largest state in South Asia, and the Mughal emperors in Delhi were its puppets. Primitive History There is no doubt that the single most important power that emerged during the long decline of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederation.
The Hindu Marathas have long lived in the Desh region around Satara, in the western part of the Deccan plateau where it meets the eastern foothills of the Western Ghats, and resisted incursions into this region by the Mughal Muslim rulers of northern India.
