Armed revolutionary movement
The Indian National Assembly adopted a peaceful, non-violent and legislative path to make India independent; But some young people did not believe that India could become independent in this way. So they took the path of armed revolution.
Before the formation of the National Assembly, Umaji Naik, Vasudev Balwant Phadke in Maharashtra, Rani Channama of Kittur in Karnataka and Ramsinh Kuka in Punjab had staged armed uprisings against the British rule. In 1897, the plague had spread in Pune. Rand, the officer assigned to deal with the plague, oppressed the people. So the Chafekar brothers killed Rand. The Chafekar brothers were hanged for this. Around this time, the tribals in Bihar under the leadership of Birsa Munda staged an armed uprising against the British rule. Jadonang, a Naga leader from Manipur, revolted against the British. They were hanged. He was then led by his queen Gaidinlu.
Innovative India:
The revolutionaries formed secret organizations to deal with the oppression of the British government. In Maharashtra, in 1904, a secret organization called 'Abhinav Bharat' was established in Nashik. Babarao Savarkar and his brother Vinayak Damodar Savarkar were instrumental in founding this organization. Babarao Savarkar was sentenced to life imprisonment. Anant Laxman Kanhere, a member of this organization, assassinated Nashik Collector Jackson. Kanhere was hanged.
When freedom fighter Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was in England, he used to secretly send weapons to revolutionaries in India. He was sentenced to fifty years in prison for his actions against the British government. He was imprisoned in the Andamans for this harsh punishment. After some time he was brought to Ratnagiri. The government later released him.
Practice Committee:
Along with Maharashtra and Bengal, revolutionary movements gained momentum in other parts of the country as well. He set up revolutionary centers in Punjab, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh. Revolutionary work was also going on in Madras province.
India House:
Revolutionaries in India used to get help from Indians who had settled abroad. Barrister Shyamji Krishna Verma was one of such helpers. He founded India House in London. His residence became the center of the Indian revolutionary movement. Shyamji Krishna Verma used to give scholarships to nationally minded Indians coming to England for higher studies. Swatantrya Veer Savarkar had got the benefit of this scholarship. With the help of this center, Senapati Bapat, Hemchandra Das and Miz Abbas got information about making bombs. She supplied revolutionaries in India. Curzon Wylie, a British officer, was opposed to the India House movement, so he was assassinated by the revolutionary Madanlal Dhingra. Dhingra was sentenced to death for this.
Madam Kama was an associate of Shyamji Krishna Verma. He raised the question of India's independence at the International Socialist Conference held in Stuttgart, Germany. It was at this conference that the flag of India, designed by Madame Cama, was hoisted.
Ghadar organization:
The main objectives of the Ghadar organization were to give impetus to the anti-British revolution, to build combat troops to make India independent. Lala Hardayal, Dr. Khankhoje founded the Ghadar Association.
Hindustan Republican Association:
Sachindranath Sanyal, Rajendra Lahiri, Ashfaq Ullah-Khan, etc. founded the Hindustan Republican Association in 1924. The aim of this organization was to overthrow the British rule and establish a republic in India. Money was needed for revolution. To establish it, the revolutionaries looted the government treasury near Kakori railway station on August 9, 1925. Several members of the organization were arrested and sentenced to death, but Chandrasekhar Azad was not apprehended by the police.
Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Chandrasekhar Azad, etc. founded the secret organization 'Hindustan Socialist Republican Association' in 1928. Chandrasekhar Azad was the head of the army department of this organization.
The British government introduced two bills in the Central Legislature that restricted the rights of workers and the political rights of the people. To oppose the bill, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt dropped the bomb during a meeting of the Central Legislature, but took care not to injure anyone while dropping it, declaring it 'Inquilab Zindabad'.
Saunders was a British officer responsible for Lala Lajpat Rai's death, so Saunders was assassinated. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were charged with the murder and hanged. Chandrasekhar Azad was killed in a clash with police.
Meerut Case :
It was around this time that the labor movement gained momentum. This movement was influenced by socialist ideas. To stop it, the government arrested leaders like Shripad Amrit Dange, Miraj Kar, Nimbkar, Muzaffar Ahmed etc. He was accused of plotting to overthrow the British government at a conference of leaders held in Meerut. The case filed against him is known as 'Meerut Cut case'.
Chittagong Cut:
In Bengal, Shanti Ghosh, Suniti Chaudhary and Bina Das were involved in the armed revolution.
The revolutionary movement played an important role in the Indian independence struggle.