Rakhi Gadi Is Proof All Indians Are From Same Origin

 Rakhi Gadi Is Proof All Indians Are From Same Origin

The genetic map of the lady from Rakhigarhi shows that the original inhabitants of Harappa may have been Dravidians with more southern Indian features than today's northern Indians. Data on the ancient DNA of the Indus Valley Civilization from the Rakhigarhi Haryana site, which was due to be released last month, should add to this picture of the origins of South Asian populations. Of these, the ancient ancestors of the South Indians are probably the least studied and were present in parts of the subcontinent that did not fall under the Indus Valley Civilization. Turan, an area north of present-day Iran, also known as the Bactria-Margiana archaeological complex, was home to a vast community of ancient peoples who appear to have little genetic ties to the inhabitants of the subcontinent. 

However, the authors identified three individuals from this ancient complex with some connection to India, primarily a mix of Iranian agriculture and South Asian hunter-gatherers or ancient South Indian ancestors. The reason researchers refer to them as the Indus fringes is because they can't be sure their genetic makeup is the same as most people living in the Indus Valley, because they don't have access to ancient Native American DNA. Instead, they show that some social groups spread across India share a common ancestral genetic lineage (denoted by haplogroup R1a1a) with Eastern Europeans. 

However, they add that insights from a single genome suggest that the study of ancient South Asian DNA is promising. This work, along with a comprehensive analysis of ancient Eurasian DNA, also raises new questions about the origins of agriculture in South Asia. However, a new study shows that Iranian DNA in the Indus and modern Indians actually predates the development of agriculture in Iran by about 2,000 years. 

In addition, the new genetic study not only explains the origin of the North Indian Indo-Aryan languages, but also appears to explain the South Indian Dravidian language family, which dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization. While the evidence strongly suggests that the Indus Valley Civilization represents a distinct population from the post-Vedic population, infused with the MLBA steppe genes that imprint the population of India to this day, it is also true that the population of the Indus Valley Civilizations represents "the most important source of ancestry in South Asia" today (according to the newspaper "Narasimhan"). Excerpts from an email interview with David Reich about our study "Our study shows that the largest genetic contributors to people living in South Asia today are people from populations including the Indus Valley Civilization." “By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the main origin of modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between humans associated with early hunter-gatherers in Iran and Southeast Asia. 

Among the genetic sequences of 523 ancient people were people from as far away as the Eurasian steppe, eastern Iran and the Iron Age Swat Valley of present-day Pakistan. These include specimens from eastern Iran, an area known as Turan, which currently covers Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, Kazakhstan and South Asia. They then compared the data with data collected today from individuals, including 246 different groups in South Asia. Another analysis by Reich's scientific team looked at macroscopic data, analyzing the genetic data of 523 ancient peoples spanning 8,000 years from Central and South Asia to the European steppes, the largest study of ancient human DNA. 

Read this explanatory note for more details on the Reich group's study published earlier this year on the subject. While the Science study is broader and uses the genes of more than 500 people who have lived over the past 8,000 years to track the migrations and intermingling of various ancient peoples in South and Central Asia, the second study, published in Cell, focuses entirely on single genome analysis. , the first ever, IVC. The conclusions are based on the study of the ancient genome in skeletons recovered from the burial ground at Rakhigarhi, which is one of the largest sites in the Indus Valley, spread over 300 hectares near Hissar. The Science article, also led by Reich, notes that modern northern Indians also carry the genetic markings of ancient shepherds from the Eurasian steppes, the vast grasslands that stretch across northern Asia, moving south until about 2000 BC. 

But steppe herder DNA is absent from ancient Indus Valley dwellers, suggesting that similarities between these pastoral nomads and modern populations arose from migrations after the decline of the NIP. Another important assertion in a study published in the scientific journal A Cell titled "Ancient Harappan genome has no ancestors from steppe pastoralists or Iranian farmers" is that agriculture was not brought to South Asia by the large-scale movement of people from the Fertile Crescent. where is agriculture. Notably, while Narasimhan and others predicted a model of the Harappan genome using DNA samples from ancient skeletons of apparent Indus Valley visitors found in sites that were in commercial contact with the Harappans, as well as post-Harappan remains (1200 BC A.D.) -1 A.D.) people from Swat, the Rakhigarhi document suggests that this model was accurate. 

Niraj Rai, the lead genetic researcher of the Rakhigarhi study, said there was no evidence in the DNA samples of a Central Asian origin. A study of DNA samples from skeletal remains excavated at the Rakhigarhi site of the Indus Valley civilization in Haryana state found little evidence of Aryan invasion, according to people familiar with the matter, claiming that Harappa's inhabitants were the same as those of the Vedic era who conducted this study. Archaeological evidence has given researchers insight into the daily lives of the inhabitants of Harappa, but until now scientists have struggled to piece together evidence of the ancient DNA of the IVC due to the degradation of genetic material in the hot and humid regions. 

Scientists are working to restore ancient DNA in South Asia, where the subtropical climate often makes genetic preservation impossible. The paper concludes that Indians originated from a gene pool largely belonging to ancient indigenous civilizations. DNA tests showed that the deceased's name was replaced by the number 14411 and that the deceased did not carry the R1a1 gene, the Aryan gene of Bronze Age people who lived in the Black Sea steppe of Central Asia 4,000 years ago, between the Black Seas. and the Caspian Sea. One of the most interesting aspects of Rakhigarhi's study is that while the population of the Indus Valley Civilization is clearly multi-ethnic, the strong genetic substructure also suggests that the Harappan civilization may have been characterized by high levels of endogamy. group.