India

 India

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India is a republic and the union territory of india, it includes all parts of the country. The

united state of India consists of more than 200 different districts with very small areas and

each district has two or three cities, one of them being Mumbai, Bengaluru and Delhi. It

contains an area of approximately 3bn sq. km. and its total area is close to 26m sq. km.,

including the national capital, New Delhi (India). A portion of the island nation lies on the

Indian Ocean and this includes Lakshadweep and the Maldives. India's landmass ranges

from some 300 million square kilometres to over 1,500 million square kilometres. In

addition to its large interior and expansive eastern borders, India's west border is shared

with Afghanistan via the Line of Control in the Himalayan region to Nepal. The Hindu Kush

ranges in size from 80.9 million sq. km. to about 180 million sq. km.

India has two official languages, Hindi and Malayalam, although both may be spoken in

Indian nations throughout history that have been conquered by different civilizations. In

India, Hindi is widely used as the language of the Constitution, executive laws, the formal

legal system, and trade policy for most citizens. Other official languages include Tamil,

Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Konkani, Assamese, Hindi, Marathi, French, Dutch and Spanish.

As a major and important part of Indian culture, Hindi has also developed into an empire of

modernity and refinement. There are at least 18 types of primary schools for schooling

children in India. After primary school education, students enter middle school (or pre-

university) and then high school (or upper secondary education), which is a program that

prepares students to work independently and make good career choices. Students are

enrolled from grades six through eight in various fields depending on their qualifications,

such as arts, commerce, engineering and humanities in particular. High school education

can extend up to 12 years. Secondary education requires students to study basic skills to

continue to develop into professionals, but they must also learn general literacy and

numeracy abilities to participate in other fields of economic activity. Secondary education

begins with grade seven through nine, where a student starts studying mathematics,

science, art and engineering, then moving onto social sciences with courses such as

chemistry, economics and political studies, philosophy and biology, and English studies.

From age 10 to twelve, students are exposed to basic literacy and numeracy skills and then

entered into higher education programs, including foreign universities' degree programs

and vocational training. At sixteen, students go back to graduate or postgraduate education,

depending on their chosen field and goals.

India has the sixth-highest number of university enrolments amongst economies

worldwide. It contains 4,895 universities and colleges, while in 2018, the number was

3,983. According to World Bank International Development Research Institute, India ranks

9th among world's fastest growing economies, trailing only Brazil, Canada and South Korea

in terms of enrollment growth. This growth comes from strong demand for public services

and infrastructure development, increased private investment and low levels of

unemployment. Among these, public infrastructural development ranked first. On the

contrary, lower enrollment rates are due to the low income of young people, high costs of

acquiring healthcare and lack of quality educational institutions. With increasing awareness of health care and access to pharmaceuticals, India has seen a rise in

enrolments.

India now boasts of 43 million active internet users across the whole year. That makes it

the 8th largest internet userbase in the world. To promote digital literacy, the ministry of

technology has made several initiatives to encourage use of e-literacy software and devices

to provide access to free information in the country. These include online learning

platforms like edx, which will help learners with assignments and exams. Also, edx was

recently launched in collaboration with the National Skill Development Corporation

(NSDC). Apart from offering new teaching platforms, India today has the second best rate

for mobile phone registration in the world. In 2017, the number fell to 64,788 from 81,984

in 2016, according to IDC report.

India is regarded as one of the countries with better educational system and its students

are highly prepared compared to the rest of Asia. India leads the global average for number

of universities, having the fourth highest number of university enrolment in the world. In

2015, India accounted for 38% of all university admissions. The average tuition fee paid is

Rs 25,000 and the average college fee charged is Rs 7,900. Students pay fees via

installments and interest charges on loans, along with payments in accordance with a

budget. Students need to take out loans using a loan repayment plan, which allows

borrowers to receive savings on interest rate and tuition fees. India provides numerous

international scholarships, including from UK Higher Education Commission, US

Department of State, USA Embassy and Indian American Foundation. In June 2012, the

government approved the concept of distance education, which offers flexibility and

convenience to students learning. By partnering with universities across the globe, the

objective of the project was to create a platform where students can choose to attend

classes via various modes of video conferencing or through remote learning options or

even on the computer. Distance education offers extensive, relevant knowledge and

experience gained through classroom interaction and also offers flexible scheduling

options. For instance as the government continues with the implementation of digitization

projects such as digital visas, which aim to streamline visas for employment opportunities,

India boasts of 643 lakh applicants annually. In 2017, the Ministry of Electronics and

Information Technology announced plans to introduce 'Internet Passport', a passport to

ensure safe travel in and around the world. Similarly, in November 2014, the Ministry of

Human Resource issued an advisory that seeks to facilitate domestic job market openings

on the basis of technology and human resource.

India has a well established medical system that is ranked 9th of all the world's hospitals.

Amongst other leading governments, India's government spends nearly 2% of GDP on

Health. Healthcare industry is ranked second by global standards after the United States.

When it comes to research, India has the third-largest funding and capacity for biomedical

research, after the United States and China. Medical science ranked second by global

standards following the United States, with $18 billion spent in 2013. India has the 13nd-

highest population with 16.6 million citizens. Around 35.5 percent of India's population is

below 15 years old, making it one of the oldest societies in the world. There are thousands

of indigenous tribes native to India which have contributed immensely to the country's

overall civilization since its foundation. Despite significant problems such as corruption and drug abuse, Indians continue to embrace diversity and continue to grow, despite it

being possible that the majority of people continue to resent Indians for the flaws in our

society. One of the biggest issues facing contemporary society is inequality. Between 2011

and 2015, the percentage of the lowest income group grew by more than 250%, while the

percentage of the top income group grew by less than 150%. Today, the gap between the

wealthy and poor is more pronounced than ever before. Due to this, India's economy faces

the risk of recession for the 21st century.

India hosts around 50% of the world's biodiversity, and almost 70% of it is found within

the biogeographic regions known as the Cenozoic, Mesogeographic and Paleocene and

Eocene, respectively. Another 40-40%. According to U.N. Food & Agriculture Organization,

India has the third-largest forest in the world, with an estimated area of 32.3 million

hectares (14% of the earth's surface, representing nearly 1% of the planet). Additionally,

there are 24% forest cover in India, which accounts for over 16.7 million hectares (8% of

the total land area), equivalent to 6.7% of the world's forests, which is equal to about

17,000 times greater than the remaining forests in the world. India's forestry sector, with a

market value of nearly $2.4 billion, represents 12.5% of the country's GDP, the fifth world's

sector. Forest research is conducted in India with support from the National Natural

Resources Conservation Board, an organization established in 1935 as the Council for

Scientific and Industrial Research. More than 2.5 billion cubic meters (55 billion cubic feet)

of forest has been cut down in India by 2020. India currently ranks second in the list of

countries with the greatest number of species of birds. In the same period, India has added

an additional 6,500 bird species. Among the newest additions to India's avifauna is the

monarch butterfly, a type of insect that originated in.