The path of the national movement

Lord Curzon partitioned the province of Bengal in 1905. The reason given for partition was given for administrative convenience as the expansion of the province of Bengal was large; But the real purpose behind it was to divide the Hindu and Muslim communities and weaken the national movement. Two provinces, Muslim-majority East Bengal and Hindu-majority Bihar and Orissa, were formed. The National Assembly strongly opposed the partition of Bengal.

Vang -bhang Movement:

The movement against the partition of Bengal is called the Vang-Bhang movement. This movement was led by Surendranath Banerjee. Despite intense agitation against partition, the British government did not cancel the partition of Bengal. Instead, he resorted to repression against the protesters. Protesters were beaten with sticks. In the Vang-Bhang movement, 'Vande Mataram' was the slogan of the protesters. School children who sang these songs were also punished.

There were agitations all over the country against the partition of Bengal. Dadabhai Naoroji gave the message to the Indians, 'Make an unbroken movement'. The National Assembly announced the four-point program of the movement namely Swarajya, Swadeshi, Boycott and National Education.

To suppress the national movement, the government adopted a policy of 'divide and rule'. He tried to divide Hindus and Muslims. This led to the formation of the Muslim League in 1906.

To curb the growing power of the national movement, the government imprisoned key leaders of the country. Etc. C. Lokmanya Tilak was arrested in 1908. He was sentenced to six years in prison. The sentencing of Lokmanya Tilak sparked a wave of outrage across the country. Mill workers in Mumbai went on strike for six days against the sentence. Extremist leaders spread the four-point program across India. The movement of breaking the wing became fierce. Finally, the government succumbed to the agitation of the National Assembly. The government canceled the partition of Bengal in 1911.

Home Rule Movement:

Dr. Anne Besant, an Irish scholar, played an important role in India's freedom struggle. He demanded that Indians get the right to self-government. For this he founded the Home Rule League, the Swarajya Sangh, in Chennai. On this basis, Lokmanya Tilak established Swarajya Sangh in Maharashtra. The Swarajya Sangh movement had the support of the general public. Many women joined the movement. The movement created consciousness all over the country. 

The National Assembly was convened in Lucknow in 1916. Swarajya was demanded in this convention. The government felt the need to reduce dissatisfaction among Indians to some extent, so the government passed the Reform Act in 1919.